They include “space tugs” to carry other spacecraft to Mars, spacecraft to host science instruments and cameras, and telecommunications relays. The concepts being sought are intended to support a broad strategy of partnerships between government, industry, and international partners to enable frequent, lower-cost missions to Mars over the next 20 years.
“We’re in an exciting new era of space exploration, with rapid growth of commercial interest and capabilities,” said Eric Ianson, director of NASA’s Mars Exploration Program. “Now is the right time for NASA to begin looking at how public-private partnerships could support science at Mars in the coming decades.”
The selected Mars Exploration Commercial Services studies are divided into four categories:
Small payload delivery and hosting services
- Lockheed Martin Corporation, Littleton, Colorado — adapt a lunar-exploration spacecraft
- Impulse Space, Inc., Redondo Beach, California — adapt an Earth-vicinity orbital transfer vehicle (space tug)
- Firefly Aerospace, Cedar Park, Texas — adapt a lunar-exploration spacecraft
Large payload delivery and hosting services
- United Launch Services (ULA), LLC, Centennial, Colorado — modify an Earth-vicinity cryogenic upper stage
- Blue Origin, LLC, Kent, Washington — adapt an Earth- and lunar-vicinity spacecraft
- Astrobotic Technology, Inc., Pittsburgh — modify a lunar-exploration spacecraft
Mars surface-imaging services
- Albedo Space Corporation, Broomfield, Colorado — adapt a low Earth orbit imaging satellite
- Redwire Space, Inc., Littleton, Colorado — modify a low Earth orbit commercial imaging spacecraft
- Astrobotic Technology, Inc. — modify a lunar exploration spacecraft to include imaging
Next-generation relay services
- Space Exploration Technologies Corporation (SpaceX), Hawthorne, California — adapt Earth-orbit communication satellites for Mars
- Lockheed Martin Corporation — provide communication relay services via a modified Mars orbiter
- Blue Origin, LLC — provide communication relay services via an adapted Earth- and lunar-vicinity spacecraft
The 12-week studies are planned to conclude in August, and a study summary will be released later in the year. These studies could potentially lead to future requests for proposals but do not constitute a NASA commitment.
NASA is concurrently requesting separate industry proposals for its Mars Sample Return campaign, which seeks to bring samples being collected by the agency’s Perseverance rover to Earth, where they can be studied by laboratory equipment too large and complex to bring to Mars. The MSR industry studies are completely independent of the MEP commercial studies.
NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California manages the Mars Exploration Program on behalf of NASA’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington. The goal of the program is to provide a continuous flow of scientific information and discovery through a carefully selected series of robotic orbiters, landers, and mobile laboratories interconnected by a high-bandwidth Mars-Earth communications network. Scientific data and associated information for all Mars Exploration Program missions are archived in the NASA Planetary Data System.
Caltech in Pasadena, California, manages JPL for NASA.